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Reactivity of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) in mediating environmental reactions: Current knowledge

Wenqing Xu, Mark L. Segall, Zhao Li

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1265-6

Abstract: Abstract • Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) promote both chemical and microbial synergies. • Discussion of PCM-enhanced abiotic transformation pathways of organic pollutants. • Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) can mimic the performance of PCM. • CMPs offer a platform that allows for systematic variation of individual properties. Pyrogenic Carbonaceous matter (PCM; e.g., black carbon, biochar, and activated carbon) are solid residues from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel or biomass. They are traditionally viewed as inert adsorbents for sequestering contaminants from the aqueous phase or providing surfaces for microbes to grow. In this account, we reviewed the recently discovered reactivity of PCM in promoting both chemical and microbial synergies that are important in pollutant transformation, biogeochemical processes of redox-active elements, and climate change mitigation with respect to the interaction between biochar and nitrous oxide (N2O). Moreover, we focused on our group’s work in the PCM-enhanced abiotic transformation of nitrogenous and halogenated pollutants and conducted in-depth analysis of the reaction pathways. To understand what properties of PCM confer its reactivity, our group pioneered the use of PCM-like polymers, namely conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), to mimic the performance of PCM. This approach allows for the controlled incorporation of specific surface properties (e.g., quinones) into the polymer network during the polymer synthesis. As a result, the relationship between specific characteristics of PCM and its reactivity in facilitating the decay of a model pollutant was systematically studied in our group’s work. The findings summarized in this account help us to better understand an overlooked environmental process where PCM synergistically interacts with various environmental reagents such as hydrogen sulfide and water. Moreover, the knowledge gained in these studies could inform the design of a new generation of reactive carbonaceous materials with tailored properties that are highly efficient in contaminant removal.

Keywords： pyrogenic carbonaceous matter     Conjugated microporous polymer     remediation     Biochar     Hydrolysis     Pollutant degradation    

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PtHAK5, a candidate for mediating high-affinity K

Haili YANG, Weidan ZHANG, Weiwei CHAI, Wenying WANG, Li GAO, Jing ZHANG, Yongping WANG, Suo-Min WANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 108-117 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018200

Abstract: In conclusion, PtHAK5 is a candidate for mediating high-affinity K uptake under low K conditions.

Keywords： K+ uptake     PtHAK5     Puccinellia tenuiflora     yeast complementation    

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Gut Microbiota Modulation: A Viable Strategy to Address Medical Needs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Transplantation Review

Ze Xiang, Jian Wu, Jiarui Li, Shusen Zheng, Xuyong Wei, Xiao Xu

Engineering 2023, Volume 29, Issue 10,   Pages 59-72 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.12.012

Abstract:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignancy of the liver, posing a significant threat to public health. Although liver transplantation (LT) is an effective treatment for HCC, ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, transplant rejection, and complications after LT can greatly reduce its effectiveness. In recent years, transplant oncology has come into being, a comprehensive discipline formed by the intersection and integration of surgery, oncology, immunology, and other related disciplines. Gut microbiota, an emerging field of research, also plays a crucial role. Through the microbiome–gut–liver axis, the gut microbiota has an impact on the onset and progression of HCC as well as LT. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects HCC and its bidirectional interactions with chronic liver disease that can develop into HCC as well as the diagnostic and prognostic value of the gut microbiota in HCC. In addition, gut microbiota alterations after LT were reviewed, and the relationship between the gut microbiota and liver I/R injury, the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs used, and complications after LT were discussed. In the era of LT oncology, the role of the gut microbiota in HCC and LT should be emphasized, which can provide new insights into the management of HCC and LT via gut microbiota modulation.

Keywords： Gut microbiota     Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)     Liver transplantation (LT)     Clinical value     Mediatingmechanism    

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Performance of a Hierarchically Nanostructured W–Cu Composite Produced via Mediating Phase Separation Article

Chao Hou, Hao Lu, Zhi Zhao, Xintao Huang, Tielong Han, Junhua Luan, Zengbao Jiao, Xiaoyan Song, Zuoren Nie

Engineering 2023, Volume 26, Issue 7,   Pages 173-184 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.09.017

Abstract:

The challenge of fabricating nanostructured W–Cu composites by powder metallurgy has been solved by means of modulated phase separation. A hierarchically nanostructured (HN) W–Cu composite was prepared using intermediary Al through sluggish asynchronous phase separation. In addition to a dual network composed of a Cu phase and the W–Cu nanostructure, dense Al-containing nanoprecipitates with a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure are distributed in the W matrix. Compared with a pristine W/Cu interface, the newly formed W/Cu interfaces modulated by Al and the coherent W/Al-containing particle interfaces possess lower energy and enhanced bonding strength due to efficient electron transfer and strong coupling interactions. With a large number of stable heterogeneous interfaces and a "self-locking" geometry, the HN W–Cu composite exhibits excellent resistance against plastic deformation. The combination of the presented composite's hardness and compressive strength outperforms all other sintered W–Cu composites with the same Cu content. Under a reciprocating sliding load, the reactive Al prevents excessive oxidation. The excellent synergy of the hardness and toughness of the friction-induced surface endows the HN composite with high abrasion resistance. This study provides a new strategy to modulate the structure and energy state of interfaces in metallic composites containing immiscible components in order to achieve high mechanical performance.

Keywords： Immiscible-component composite     Phase separation     Nanostructure     Mechanical properties     Interface modulation    

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Theory and method of mechanism system design

Huijun ZOU, Qinghua LIANG, Qing ZHANG

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2010, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 399-411 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0116-8

Abstract: Conceptual design is the most critical and creative phase of design. Recently, increasing attention has been directed to supporting conceptual-level computer aided creative design and its theories and methodologies. Specifically, for conceptual design of mechanical products, this paper presents a novel function solving model for mechanical product design and highlights the importance of systematic synthesis to achieve creative design. Then it builds a framework as a function-effect-process-action- mechanisms (FEPAM) mapping process, which enables creative design on the basis of conceiving different action schemes. After that, several key points are elaborated including 1) representing and decomposition methods of functions and motion behaviors; 2) action scheme representing method based on network plan techniques; and 3) variation and creation methods based on action scheme transformations.

Keywords： mechanism system creative design     process model     function solving model     process action procedure     mechanismsknowledge base     principle of mechanism system composition    

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Formation mechanism and modeling of surface waviness in incremental sheet forming

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2022, Volume 17, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0679-1

Abstract: surface quality has always been a challenge for incremental sheet forming (ISF), whereas the generation mechanismIn this paper, the formation mechanism and the prediction of waviness are both investigated through experimentsengineering application, a theoretical model for waviness height is proposed based on the generation mechanismThis work is favorable for the perfection of formation mechanism and control of surface quality in ISF

Keywords： surface waviness     incremental sheet forming     numerical simulation     formation mechanism     deformation history    

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Autogenous healing mechanism of cement-based materials

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering   Pages 948-963 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0960-3

Abstract: However, systematic research on the autogenous healing mechanism of cement-based materials is lackingScanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used to examine the autogenous healing mechanism

Keywords： autogenous healing     cement-based materials     healing mechanism     aggregation effect    

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Optimal design of a linkage–cam mechanism-based redundantly actuated parallel manipulator

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2021, Volume 16, Issue 3,   Pages 451-467 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0634-6

Abstract: A redundantly actuated parallel manipulator (RAPM) with mixed translational and rotational degrees of freedom (DOFs) is challenged for its dimensionally homogeneous Jacobian modeling and optimal design of architecture. In this paper, a means to achieve redundant actuation by adding kinematic constraints is introduced, which reduces the DOFs of the end-effector (EE). A generic dimensionally homogeneous Jacobian is developed for this type of RAPMs, which maps the generalized velocities of three points on the EE to the joint velocities. A new optimization algorithm derived from this dimensionally homogeneous Jacobian is proposed for the optimal design of this type of RAPMs. As an example, this paper presents a spatial RAPM involving linkages and cam mechanisms. This RAPM has 4 DOFs and 6 translational actuations. The linkage lengths and the position of the universal joints of the RAPM are optimized based on the dimensionally homogeneous Jacobian.

Keywords： redundant actuation     parallel manipulator     linkage–cam mechanism     Jacobian     optimal design    

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Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication machining: from mechanism to application

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2021, Volume 16, Issue 4,   Pages 649-697 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0654-2

Abstract: Second, the cooling–lubrication mechanism of CMQL and its influence mechanism on material hardness, cuttingThe effects of CMQL are systematically analyzed based on its mechanism and application form.

Keywords： cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication (CMQL)     cryogenic medium     processing mode     device application     mechanism    

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Review on mechanism and process of surface polishing using lasers

Arun KRISHNAN, Fengzhou FANG

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2019, Volume 14, Issue 3,   Pages 299-319 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0535-0

Abstract: This article gives a detailed overview of the laser polishing mechanism by explaining various process

Keywords： laser polishing     surface roughness     process parameters     mechanism    

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Creation and integration mechanism of instrumentation flexible developing system

Xiaoli XU, Qiushuang LIU

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2011, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 235-240 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0122-5

Abstract: flexible developing system (IFDS), this paper discusses the creation and open flexible integration mechanismBased on the operation mechanism of the modern instrumentation developing system and the research and

Keywords： modern instrumentation developing     flexible interconnection     flexible integration mechanism     rapid integration    

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Mechanism and characterization of microplastic aging process: A review

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 8, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1700-6

Abstract:

● Methods for estimating the aging of environmental micro-plastics were highlighted.

Keywords： Microplastics     Aging     Degradation     Characterization     Mechanism    

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Design of a novel side-mounted leg mechanism with high flexibility for a multi-mission quadruped earth

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2023, Volume 18, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0740-0

Abstract: At present, few methods for these robots’ leg design utilize a side-mounted spatial parallel mechanismThus, this paper presents a complete design process of a novel 5-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) hybrid leg mechanismFirst, a general approach is proposed for constructing the novel leg mechanism.With regard to the synthesis method of the parallel mechanism, a family of concise hybrid leg mechanismsFurthermore, the virtual quadruped rover equipped with this innovative leg mechanism is built.

Keywords： design synthesis     parallel mechanism     hybrid leg mechanism     screw theory     quadruped robot    

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The linkage mechanism between urban intelligence and low carbon innovation

Ming LIN

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 584-586 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0076-6

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Design and analysis of the gripper mechanism based on generalized parallel mechanisms with configurable

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2021, Volume 16, Issue 4,   Pages 765-781 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0655-1

Abstract: mechanisms with a configurable moving platform have become popular in the research field of parallel mechanismThis type of gripper mechanism can be applied to grasp large or heavy objects in different environmentsA sufficient rule based on Lie group theory is proposed to synthesize the mechanism.A kinematic analysis of the example mechanism is presented.The workspace shows that the mechanism possesses high rotational capability.

Keywords： generalized parallel mechanism     configurable moving platform     gripper mechanism     type synthesis     kinematic    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Reactivity of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) in mediating environmental reactions: Current knowledge

Wenqing Xu, Mark L. Segall, Zhao Li

Journal Article

PtHAK5, a candidate for mediating high-affinity K

Haili YANG, Weidan ZHANG, Weiwei CHAI, Wenying WANG, Li GAO, Jing ZHANG, Yongping WANG, Suo-Min WANG

Journal Article

Gut Microbiota Modulation: A Viable Strategy to Address Medical Needs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Transplantation

Ze Xiang, Jian Wu, Jiarui Li, Shusen Zheng, Xuyong Wei, Xiao Xu

Journal Article

Performance of a Hierarchically Nanostructured W–Cu Composite Produced via Mediating Phase Separation

Chao Hou, Hao Lu, Zhi Zhao, Xintao Huang, Tielong Han, Junhua Luan, Zengbao Jiao, Xiaoyan Song, Zuoren Nie

Journal Article

Theory and method of mechanism system design

Huijun ZOU, Qinghua LIANG, Qing ZHANG

Journal Article

Formation mechanism and modeling of surface waviness in incremental sheet forming

Journal Article

Autogenous healing mechanism of cement-based materials

Journal Article

Optimal design of a linkage–cam mechanism-based redundantly actuated parallel manipulator

Journal Article

Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication machining: from mechanism to application

Journal Article

Review on mechanism and process of surface polishing using lasers

Arun KRISHNAN, Fengzhou FANG

Journal Article

Creation and integration mechanism of instrumentation flexible developing system

Xiaoli XU, Qiushuang LIU

Journal Article

Mechanism and characterization of microplastic aging process: A review

Journal Article

Design of a novel side-mounted leg mechanism with high flexibility for a multi-mission quadruped earth

Journal Article

The linkage mechanism between urban intelligence and low carbon innovation

Ming LIN

Journal Article

Design and analysis of the gripper mechanism based on generalized parallel mechanisms with configurable

Journal Article